Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health challenge worldwide, with India carrying the highest burden of the disease. While the physical consequences of TB are well-documented, there is an increasing recognition of its association with psychological distress, which manifests as anxiety, depression, and social stigma. This narrative review aims to explore the prevalence, risk factors, and consequences of psychological distress among TB patients. It includes findings from various countries, including comprehensive insights from India. A narrative review approach was employed to synthesize existing literature on psychological distress in TB patients. Key focus areas included the prevalence of distress, associated socio-demographic vulnerabilities, comorbidities, treatment-related stress factors, and the exacerbating role of the COVID-19 pandemic. The psychological distress prevalence among TB patients ranges from 40% to over 80%, affected by factors such as socio-demographic risks, comorbid conditions, social stigma, and issues associated with the treatment duration. The pandemic (COVID-19) intensified these challenges, leading to increased anxiety and disrupted access to care. Psychological distress is a significant yet neglected issue in TB care. Integrating mental health support is essential to improved treatment adherence and patient outcomes.

Keywords: Tuberculosis, Psychological distress, Prevalence, Narrative review